The first choice in treating constipation is a change
of diet. People with constipation are advised to eat
more foods high in dietary fiber, decrease dairy, egg,
and meat products to a healthy balance, and increase
the amount of water and non-caffeinated beverages
they drink.
They are also encouraged to increase their
level of physical activity and respond promptly to the
urge to have a bowel movement.
When changes in diet and exercise do not work,
laxatives can be used to stimulate movement of the
bowels. Many types of laxatives can be purchased without
a prescription.
Americans spend about $725 million
annually on laxatives. However, laxative dependency
can become a problem with all laxatives. People who
have been using laxatives regularly and wish to stop
should reduce their use gradually.
Each type of laxative
has benefits and drawbacks. Individuals should discuss
which one is best for them with their healthcare provider
or pharmacist. Laxatives usually take 6–12 hours to
stimulate a bowel movement.
Bulk-forming or fiber supplement laxatives are
generally the safest type of laxative. Some common
brand names of fiber-supplement laxatives are Metamucil,
Citrocel, Fiberall, Konsyl, and Serutan.
These
must be taken with water. They provide extra fiber that
absorbs water and helps keep the stool soft. The extra
bulk also helps move materials through the colon.
Stool softeners help prevent the stool from drying
out. They are recommended for people who should
not strain to have a bowel movement, for example,
people recovering from abdominal surgeries or childbirth.
Brand names include Colace and Surfak.
Stimulant laxatives such as Ducolax, Senokot,
Correctol, and Purge increase the rhythmic contractions
of the colon and move the material along faster.
Lubricants add grease to the stool so that it moves
more easily through the colon. Mineral oil is the most
common lubricant.
Saline laxatives such as Milk of Magnesia draw
water from the body into the colon to help soften and
move the stool.
In the case of serious constipation, prescription
drugs such as tegaserod (Zelnorm) may be used under
the supervision of a doctor.
Other medical treatment
involves treating the underlying cause of the constipation
such as changing a medication, removing tumors,
or correcting a hormonal imbalance.
