Most people get all the electrolytes and water they
need from a normal diet. However, some individuals,
such as athletes, people with severe diarrhea and vomiting,
cancer patients, people with hormonal imbalances,
and other very ill people, need fluid and electrolyte
replacement therapy. Short-term therapy often
quickly restores electrolyte balances.
Electrolyte replacement supplements can be sold
either over-the-counter or by prescription. Prescription
supplements are used for seriously ill or hospitalized
patients and can be given by mouth or
intravenously under supervision of a physician.
In North America, commonly used over-thecounter
electrolyte replacements include:
-Sports drinks formulated to replace electrolytes lost
through sweating. These drinks, such as Gatorade
and Powerade, also contain sugars and sometimes
caffeine. According to the American College of
Sports Medicine, sports drinks are effective in supplying
energy for muscles, maintaining blood sugar
levels, preventing dehydration, and replacing electrolytes
lost in sweat.
-Dietary supplements in the form of tablets and powders
containing electrolytes. These are popular
among athletes who participate in endurance sports.
Some also contain herbs and flavorings. They are
regulated by the United States Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) as dietary supplements.
-Electrolyte replacements for children such as Pedialyte,
Naturalyte, or Rehydralyte. These are sold in
supermarkets and pharmacies and are used primarily
in children who have lost fluids through vomiting
and diarrhea. Children should not be given sports
drinks for this purpose.
As with any dietary supplement, electrolyte
replacements can be abused. When used properly,
they are of great benefit and have no undesirable side
effects.
Sports drinks should not be given to children who
need rehydration because of vomiting and diarrhea.
Instead, oral rehydration liquids specially formulated
for children should be used.
The goal of electrolyte replacement therapy is to
restore the body to its natural condition. When used
this way, electrolyte replacement does not interfere
with other drugs. Many drugs, however, have the
potential to cause electrolyte imbalances. When starting
a new drug, individuals should discuss possible
side effects with their healthcare provider.
